:Base d7dlr.hlp>main
:Title Delphi Language Reference
; 
1 Delphi Language Guide
2 Overview
3 Using the Delphi language=idh_op_overview
3 Program organization
4 Program organization: Overview=idh_op_programorganization
4 Delphi source files=idh_op_pascalsourcefiles
4 Other files used to build applications=idh_op_otherfilesusedtobuildapplications
4 Compiler-generated files=idh_op_compilergeneratedfiles
3 Example programs
4 About example programs=idh_op_exampleprograms
4 A simple console application=idh_op_simpleconsoleapplication
4 A more complicated example=idh_op_complicatedexample
4 A native application=idh_op_windowsapplication
2 Programs and units
3 Programs and units: Overview=idh_op_programsandunits
3 Program structure and syntax
4 Program structure and syntax: Overview=idh_op_programstructureandsyntax
4 The program heading=idh_op_theprogramheading
4 The program uses clause=idh_op_theprogramusesclause
4 The block=idh_op_theblock
3 Unit structure and syntax
4 Unit structure and syntax: Overview=idh_op_unitstructureandsyntax
4 The unit heading=idh_op_theunitheading
4 The interface section=idh_op_theinterfacesection
4 The implementation section=idh_op_theimplementationsection
4 The initialization section=idh_op_theinitializationsection
4 The finalization section=idh_op_thefinalizationsection
3 Unit references and the uses clause
4 Unit references and the uses clause=idh_op_unitreferencesandtheusesclause
4 The syntax of a uses clause=idh_op_thesyntaxofausesclause
4 Multiple and indirect unit references=idh_op_multipleandindirectunitreferences
4 Circular unit references=idh_op_circularunitreferences
2 Syntactic elements
3 Syntactic elements: Overview=idh_op_syntacticelements
3 Fundamental syntactic elements
4 Fundamental syntactic elements: Overview=idh_op_fundamentalsyntacticelements
4 Special symbols=idh_op_specialsymbols
4 Identifiers=idh_op_identifiers
4 Reserved words=idh_op_reservedwords
4 Directives=idh_op_directives
4 Numerals=idh_op_numerals
4 Labels=idh_op_labels
4 Character strings=idh_op_characterstrings
3 Comments and compiler directives=idh_op_commentsandcompilerdirectives
3 Expressions
4 About expressions=idh_op_expressions
4 Operators
5 About operators=idh_op_operators
5 Arithmetic operators=idh_op_arithmeticoperators
5 Boolean operators=idh_op_booleanoperators
5 Logical (bitwise) operators=idh_op_logicaloperators
5 String operators=idh_op_stringoperators
5 Pointer operators=idh_op_pointeroperators
5 Set operators=idh_op_setoperators
5 Relational operators=idh_op_relationaloperators
5 Class operators=idh_op_classoperators
5 The @ operator=idh_op_addressoperator
5 Operator precedence rules=idh_op_operatorprecedencerules
3 Function calls=idh_op_functioncalls
4 Set constructors=idh_op_setconstructors
4 Indexes=idh_op_indexes
4 Typecasts
5 Typecasts: Overview=idh_op_typecasts
5 Value typecasts=idh_op_valuetypecasts
5 Variable typecasts=idh_op_variabletypecasts
3 Declarations and statements
4 About declarations and statements=idh_op_declarationsandstatements
4 Declarations=idh_op_declarations
4 Statements=idh_op_statements
4 Simple statements
5 Simple statements: Overview=idh_op_simplestatements
5 Assignment statements=idh_op_assignmentstatements
5 Procedure and function calls=idh_op_procedureandfunctioncalls
5 Goto statements=idh_op_gotostatements
4 Structured statements
5 Structured statements: Overview=idh_op_structuredstatements
5 Compound statements=idh_op_compoundstatements
5 With statements=idh_op_withstatements
5 If statements=idh_op_ifstatements
5 Case statements=idh_op_casestatements
5 Control loops=idh_op_controlloops
5 Repeat statements=idh_op_repeatstatements
5 While statements=idh_op_whilestatements
5 For statements=idh_op_forstatements
3 Blocks and scope
4 Blocks and scope: Overview=idh_op_blocksandscope
4 Blocks=idh_op_blocks
4 Scope=idh_op_scope
2 Data types, variables, and constants
3 Data types and variables: Overview=idh_op_datatypesvariablesandconstants
3 About types=idh_op_abouttypes
3 Simple types
4 Simple types: Overview=idh_op_simpletypes
4 Ordinal types
5 Ordinal types: Overview=idh_op_ordinaltypes
5 Integer types=idh_op_integertypes
5 Character types=idh_op_charactertypes
5 Boolean types=idh_op_booleantypes
5 Enumerated types=idh_op_enumeratedtypes
5 Subrange types=idh_op_subrangetypes
3 Real types=idh_op_realtypes
3 String types
4 About string types=idh_op_stringtypes
4 Short strings=idh_op_shortstrings
4 Long strings=idh_op_longstrings
4 Wide strings
5 WideString=idh_op_widestring
5 About extended character sets=idh_op_extendedcharactersets
4 Null-terminated strings
5 Working with null-terminated strings=idh_op_nullterminatedstrings
5 Using pointers, arrays, and string constants=idh_op_pointersarraysandstringconstants
5 Mixing Delphi strings and null-terminated strings=idh_op_mixingpascalandnullterminatedstrings
3 Structured types
4 Structured types: Overview=idh_op_structuredtypes
4 Sets=idh_op_sets
4 Arrays
5 Arrays: Overview=idh_op_arrays
5 Static arrays=idh_op_staticarrays
5 Dynamic arrays=idh_op_dynamicarrays
5 Multidimensional dynamic arrays=idh_op_multidimensionaldynamicarrays
5 Array types and assignments=idh_op_arraytypesandassignments
4 Records
5 About records=idh_op_records
5 Variant parts in records=idh_op_variantpartsinrecords
3 File types=idh_op_filetypes
3 Pointers and pointer types
4 Pointers and pointer types=idh_op_pointersandpointertypes
4 Overview of pointers=idh_op_overviewofpointers
4 Pointer types
5 About pointer types=idh_op_pointertypes
5 Character pointers=idh_op_characterpointers
5 Other standard pointer types=idh_op_standardpointertypes
3 Procedural types
4 Procedural types: Overview=idh_op_proceduraltypes
4 Procedural types in statements and expressions=idh_op_proceduraltypesinstatementsandexpressions
3 Variant types
4 Variant types: Overview=idh_op_varianttypes
4 Variant type conversions=idh_op_varianttypeconversions
4 Variants in expressions=idh_op_variantsinexpressions
4 Variant arrays=idh_op_variantarrays
4 OleVariant=idh_op_olevariant
3 Type compatibility and identity
4 Type compatibility and identity: Overview=idh_op_typecompatibilityandidentity
4 Type identity=idh_op_typeidentity
4 Type compatibility=idh_op_typecompatibility
4 Assignment-compatibility=idh_op_assignmentcompatibility
3 Declaring types
4 Declaring types=idh_op_declaringtypes
3 Variables
4 Variables: Overview=idh_op_variables
4 Declaring variables
5 Declaring variables=idh_op_declaringvariables
5 Absolute addresses=idh_op_absoluteaddresses
5 Dynamic variables=idh_op_dynamicvariables
5 Thread-local variables=idh_op_threadlocalvariables
3 Declared constants
4 Constants: Overview=idh_op_constants
4 True constants
5 True constants=idh_op_trueconstants
5 Constant expressions=idh_op_constantexpressions
5 Resource strings=idh_op_resourcestrings
4 Typed constants
5 About typed constants=idh_op_typedconstants
5 Array constants=idh_op_arrayconstants
5 Record constants=idh_op_recordconstants
5 Procedural constants=idh_op_proceduralconstants
5 Pointer constants=idh_op_pointerconstants
2 Procedures and functions
3 Procedures and functions: Overview=idh_op_proceduresandfunctions
3 Declaring procedures and functions
4 Declaring procedures and functions: Overview=idh_op_declaringproceduresandfunctions
4 Procedure declarations=idh_op_declaringprocedures
4 Function declarations=idh_op_declaringfunctions
4 Calling conventions=idh_op_callingconventions
4 Forward and interface declarations=idh_op_forwardandinterfacedeclarations
4 External declarations=idh_op_externaldeclarations
4 Overloading procedures and functions=idh_op_overloadingproceduresandfunctions
4 Local declarations=idh_op_localdeclarations
3 Parameters
4 Parameters: Overview=idh_op_parameters
4 Parameter semantics
5 Parameter semantics: Overview=idh_op_parametersemantics
5 Value and variable parameters=idh_op_valueandvariableparameters
5 Constant parameters=idh_op_constantparameters
5 Out parameters=idh_op_outparameters
5 Untyped parameters=idh_op_untypedparameters
4 String parameters
5 About string parameters=idh_op_stringparameters
4 Array parameters
5 Array parameters: Overview=idh_op_arrayparameters
5 Open array parameters=idh_op_openarrayparameters
5 Variant open array parameters=idh_op_variantopenarrayparameters
4 Default parameters
5 Default parameters=idh_op_defaultparameters
5 Default parameters and overloaded routines=idh_op_defaultparametersandoverloadedroutines
5 Default parameters in forward and interface declarations=idh_op_defaultparametersinforwardandinterfacedeclarations
3 Calling procedures and functions
4 Calling procedures and functions=idh_op_callingproceduresandfunctions
4 Open array constructors=idh_op_openarrayconstructors
2 Classes and objects
3 Classes and objects: Overview=idh_op_classesandobjects
3 Class types
4 About class types=idh_op_classtypes
4 Inheritance and scope
5 Inheritance and scope=idh_op_inheritanceandscope
5 TObject and TClass=idh_op_tobjectandtclass
5 Compatibility of class types=idh_op_compatibilityofclasstypes
5 Object types=idh_op_objecttypes
4 Visibility of class members
5 Visibility of class members=idh_op_visibilityofclassmembers
5 Private, protected, and public members=idh_op_privateprotectedandpublicmembers
5 Published members=idh_op_publishedmembers
5 Automated members=idh_op_automatedmembers
3 Forward declarations and mutually dependent classes=idh_op_forwarddeclarationsandmutuallydependentclasses
3 Fields=idh_op_fields
3 Methods
4 Methods: Overview=idh_op_methods
4 Method declarations and implementations
5 Method declarations and implementations=idh_op_methoddeclarationsandimplementations
5 Inherited=idh_op_inherited
5 Self=idh_op_self
4 Method binding
5 Method binding: Overview=idh_op_methodbinding
5 Static methods=idh_op_staticmethods
5 Virtual and dynamic methods=idh_op_virtualanddynamicmethods
5 Overriding versus hiding=idh_op_overridingversushiding
5 Reintroduce=idh_op_reintroduce
5 Abstract methods=idh_op_abstractmethods
3 Overloading methods=idh_op_overloadingmethods
4 Constructors=idh_op_constructors
4 Destructors=idh_op_destructors
4 Message methods=idh_op_messagehandlers
3 Properties
4 Properties: Overview=idh_op_properties
4 Property access=idh_op_propertyaccess
4 Array properties=idh_op_arrayproperties
4 Index specifiers=idh_op_indexspecifiers
4 Storage specifiers=idh_op_storagespecifiers
4 Property overrides and redeclarations=idh_op_propertyoverridesandredeclarations
3 Class references
4 Class references: Overview=idh_op_classreferences
4 Class-reference types=idh_op_classreferencetypes
4 Constructors and class references=idh_op_constructorsandclassreferences
4 Class operators
5 Class operators: Overview=idh_op_overviewclassoperators
5 The is operator=idh_op_isoperator
5 The as operator=idh_op_asoperator
3 Class methods=idh_op_classmethods
3 Exceptions
4 Exceptions: Overview=idh_op_exceptions
4 When to use exceptions=idh_op_whentouseexceptions
4 Declaring exception types=idh_op_declaringexceptiontypes
4 Raising and handling exceptions
5 Raising and handling exceptions=idh_op_raisingandhandlingexceptions
5 Try...except statements=idh_op_tryexceptstatements
5 Re-raising exceptions=idh_op_reraisingexceptions
5 Nested exceptions=idh_op_nestedexceptions
5 Try...finally statements=idh_op_tryfinallystatements
3 Standard exception classes and routines=idh_op_standardexceptionclassesandroutines
2 Standard routines and I/O
3 Standard routines and I/O: Overview=idh_op_standardroutinesandio
3 File input and output
4 File input and output=idh_op_fileio
4 Text files=idh_op_textfiles
4 Untyped files=idh_op_untypedfiles
3Text-file device drivers
4 Text file device drivers: Overview=idh_op_textfiledevicedrivers
4 Device functions=idh_op_devicefunctions
3 Handling null-terminated strings=idh_op_handlingnullterminatedstrings
3 Other standard routines=idh_op_otherstandardroutines
2 Libraries and packages
3 Libraries and packages: Overview=idh_op_dynamiclinklibrariesandpackages
3 Calling dynamically loadable libraries
4 Calling dynamically loadable libraries=idh_op_callingdlls
4 Dynamic loading=idh_op_dynamicloading
3 Writing dynamically loadable libraries
4 Writing dynamically loadable libraries=idh_op_writingdlls
4 The exports clause=idh_op_theexportsclause
4 Library initialization code=idh_op_libraryinitializationcode
4 Global variables in a library=idh_op_globalvariablesinadll
4 Libraries and system variables=idh_op_dllsandsystemvariables
4 Exceptions and runtime errors in libraries=idh_op_exceptionsandruntimeerrorsindlls
4 Shared-memory manager (Windows only)=idh_op_thesharedmemorymanager
3 Packages
4 Packages: Overview=idh_op_packages
4 Package declarations and source files
5 Package declarations and source files=idh_op_packagedeclarationsandsourcefiles
5 Naming packages=idh_op_namingpackages
5 The requires clause=idh_op_therequiresclause
5 The contains clause=idh_op_thecontainsclause
4 Compiling packages
5 Compiling packages: Overview=idh_op_compilingpackages
5 Generated files=idh_op_generatedfiles
5 Package-specific compiler directives=idh_op_packagespecificcompilerdirectives
5 Package-specific command-line compiler switches=idh_op_packagespecificcommandlinecompilerswitches
2 Object interfaces
3 Object interfaces: Overview=idh_op_objectinterfaces
3 Interface types
4 Interface types: Overview=idh_op_interfacetypes
4 IInterface and inheritance=idh_op_iunknownandinheritance
4 Interface identification=idh_op_interfaceidentification
4 Calling conventions for interfaces=idh_op_interfacecallingconventions
4 Interface properties=idh_op_interfaceproperties
4 Forward declarations=idh_op_forwarddeclarations
3 Implementing interfaces
4 Implementing interfaces=idh_op_implementinginterfaces
4 Method resolution clauses=idh_op_methodresolutionclauses
4 Changing inherited implementations=idh_op_changinginheritedimplementations
4 Implementing interfaces by delegation
5 Implementing interfaces by delegation=idh_op_implementinginterfacesbydelegation
5 Delegating to an interface-type property=idh_op_delegatingtoaninterfacetypeproperty
5 Delegating to a class-type property=idh_op_delegatingtoaclasstypeproperty
3 Interface references
4 Interface references=idh_op_interfacereferences
4 Interface assignment-compatibility=idh_op_interfaceassignmentcompatibility
3 Interface typecasts=idh_op_interfacetypecasts
3 Interface querying=idh_op_interfacequerying
3 Automation objects
4 Automation objects (Windows only)=idh_op_automationobjects
4 Dispatch interface types (Windows only)=idh_op_dispatchinterfacetypes
4 Accessing Automation objects (Windows only)=idh_op_accessingautomationobjects
4 Dual interfaces (Windows only)=idh_op_dualinterfaces
2 Memory management
3 Memory management: Overview=idh_op_memorymanagement
3 Variables=idh_op_variablesm
3 Integer types=idh_op_integertypesm
3 Character types=idh_op_charactertypesm
3 Boolean types=idh_op_booleantypesm
3 Enumerated types=idh_op_enumeratedtypesm
3 Real types=idh_op_realtypesm
3 Pointer types=idh_op_pointertypesm
3 Short string types=idh_op_shortstringtypesm
3 Long string types=idh_op_longstringtypesm
3 Wide string types (Windows)=idh_op_widestringtypesm
3 Set types=idh_op_settypesm
3 Static array types=idh_op_staticarraytypesm
3 Dynamic array types=idh_op_dynamicarraytypesm
3 Record types=idh_op_recordtypesm
3 File types=idh_op_filetypesm
3 Procedural types=idh_op_proceduraltypesm
3 Class types=idh_op_classtypesm
3 Class reference types=idh_op_classreferencetypesm
3 Variant types=idh_op_varianttypesm
2 Program control
3 Program control: Overview=idh_op_programcontrol
3 Parameters and function results
4 Parameters and function results: Overview=idh_op_parametersandfunctionresults
4 Parameter passing=idh_op_parameterpassing
4 Function results=idh_op_functionresuts
4 Method calls=idh_op_methodcalls
4 Constructors and destructors=idh_op_constructorsanddestructors
3 Exit procedures=idh_op_exitprocedures
2 Inline assembly code
3 Inline assembly code: Overview=idh_op_inlineassemblercode
3 The asm statement=idh_op_theasmstatement
3 Assembler statement syntax
4 Assembler statement syntax=idh_op_assemblerstatementsyntax
4 Labels=idh_op_assemblerlabels
4 Instruction opcodes=idh_op_instructionopcodes
4 Assembly directives=idh_op_assemblerdirectives
4 Operands=idh_op_operands
3 Expressions
4 Expressions: Overview=idh_op_assemblerexpressions
4 Differences between Delphi and assembler expressions=idh_op_differencesbetweenobjectpascalandassemblerexpressions
4 Expression elements
5 Expression elements: Overview=idh_op_expressionelements
5 Constants=idh_op_assemblerconstants
5 Registers=idh_op_registers
5 Symbols=idh_op_symbols
3 Expression classes=idh_op_expressionclasses
4 Expression types=idh_op_expressiontypes
4 Expression operators=idh_op_expressionoperators
3 Assembly procedures and functions=idh_op_assemblerproceduresandfunctions
2 Object Pascal grammar
3 Formal grammar=idh_op_objectpascalgrammar
